552 research outputs found
New mechanisms of droplet coarsening in phase-separating fluid mixtures
We propose here a new mechanism of droplet coarsening in phase-separating
fluid mixtures. In contrast to the conventional understanding that there are no
interactions between droplets in the late stage of spinodal decomposition, we
demonstrate the existence of interactions between droplets that is caused by
the coupling between diffuse concentration change around droplets. We show the
possibility that this mechanism plays an important role in droplet phase
separation together with Brownian-coagulation mechanism. We also discuss the
coupling between hydrodynamic and diffusion modes, namely, "collision-induced
collision" phenomena.Comment: 5 pages, RevTex, To appear in J. Chem. Phys. Vol. 107, No.9 (1997
Star Formation in the Circumnuclear Environment of NGC1068
We present near-infrared emission line images of the circumnuclear ring in
NGC1068. We have measured the Br_gamma fluxes in a number of star forming
complexes and derived extinctions for each of these by comparison with H_alpha.
We investigate the star forming histories of these regions and find that a
short burst of star formation occured co-evally throughout the ring within the
last 30-40 Myr, and perhaps as recently as 4-7 Myr ago. The 1-0 S(1) flux and
S(1)/Br_gamma ratios indicate that as well as fluorescence, shock excited H_2
emission contributes to the total flux. There is excess H_2 flux to the
North-West where the ionisation cone crosses the ring, and we have shown it is
possible that the non-stellar continuum from the Seyfert nucleus which produces
the high excitation lines could also be causing fluorescence at the edges of
molecular clouds in the ring. The nuclear 1-0 S(1) is more extended than
previously realised but only along the bar's major axis, and we consider
mechanisms for its excitation.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, LaTeX (mn.sty & psfig.sty). Accepted for
publication in MNRA
Detecting Distracted Driving with Deep Learning
© Springer International Publishing AG 2017Driver distraction is the leading factor in most car crashes and near-crashes. This paper discusses the types, causes and impacts of distracted driving. A deep learning approach is then presented for the detection of such driving behaviors using images of the driver, where an enhancement has been made to a standard convolutional neural network (CNN). Experimental results on Kaggle challenge dataset have confirmed the capability of a convolutional neural network (CNN) in this complicated computer vision task and illustrated the contribution of the CNN enhancement to a better pattern recognition accuracy.Peer reviewe
Step-wise responses in mesoscopic glassy systems: a mean field approach
We study statistical properties of peculiar responses in glassy systems at
mesoscopic scales based on a class of mean-field spin-glass models which
exhibit 1 step replica symmetry breaking. Under variation of a generic external
field, a finite-sized sample of such a system exhibits a series of step wise
responses which can be regarded as a finger print of the sample. We study in
detail the statistical properties of the step structures based on a low
temperature expansion approach and a replica approach. The spacings between the
steps vanish in the thermodynamic limit so that arbitrary small but finite
variation of the field induce infinitely many level crossings in the
thermodynamic limit leading to a static chaos effect which yields a
self-averaging, smooth macroscopic response. We also note that there is a
strong analogy between the problem of step-wise responses in glassy systems at
mesoscopic scales and intermittency in turbulent flows due to shocks.Comment: 50 pages, 18 figures, revised versio
Observational signatures of forming young massive clusters: continuum emission from dense HII regions
Young massive clusters (YMCs) are the most massive star clusters forming in
nearby galaxies and are thought to be a young analogue to the globular
clusters. Understanding the formation process of YMCs leads to looking into
very efficient star formation in high-redshift galaxies suggested by recent
JWST observations. We investigate possible observational signatures of their
formation stage, particularly when the mass of a cluster is increasing via
accretion from a natal molecular cloud. To this end, we study the broad-band
continuum emission from ionized gas and dust enshrouding YMCs, whose formation
is followed by recent radiation-hydrodynamics simulations. We perform
post-process radiative transfer calculations using simulation snapshots and
find characteristic spectral features at radio and far-infrared frequencies. We
show that a striking feature is long-lasting, strong free-free emission from a
10pc-scale HII region with a large emission measure of , corresponding to the mean electron density of
. There is a turnover feature below 10
GHz, a signature of the optically-thick free-free emission, often found in
Galactic ultra-compact HII regions. These features come from the peculiar YMC
formation process, where the cluster's gravity effectively traps photoionized
gas for a long duration and enables continuous star formation within the
cluster. Such large and dense HII regions show distinct distribution on the
density-size diagram, apart from the standard sequence of Galactic HII regions.
This is consistent with the observational trend inferred for extragalactic HII
regions associated with YMCs.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
A new bond fluctuation method for a polymer undergoing gel electrophoresis
We present a new computational methodology for the investigation of gel
electrophoresis of polyelectrolytes. We have developed the method initially to
incorporate sliding motion of tight parts of a polymer pulled by an electric
field into the bond fluctuation method (BFM). Such motion due to tensile force
over distances much larger than the persistent length is realized by non-local
movement of a slack monomer at an either end of the tight part. The latter
movement is introduced stochastically. This new BFM overcomes the well-known
difficulty in the conventional BFM that polymers are trapped by gel fibers in
relatively large fields. At the same time it also reproduces properly
equilibrium properties of a polymer in a vanishing filed limit. The new BFM
thus turns out an efficient computational method to study gel electrophoresis
in a wide range of the electric field strength.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figure
Plaquette-singlet solid state and topological hidden order in spin-1 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg ladder
Ground-state properties of the spin-1 two-leg antiferromagnetic ladder are
investigated precisely by means of the quantum Monte Carlo method. It is found
that the correlation length along the chains and the spin gap both remain
finite regardless of the strength of interchain coupling, i.e., the Haldane
state and the spin-1 dimer state are connected smoothly without any quantum
phase transitions between them. We propose a plaquette-singlet solid state,
which qualitatively describes the ground state of the spin-1 ladder quite well,
and also a corresponding topological hidden order parameter. It is shown
numerically that the new hidden order parameter remains finite up to the dimer
limit, though the conventional string order defined on each chain vanishes
immediately when infinitesimal interchain coupling is introduced.Comment: RevTeX, 10 pages, 9 figure
Fragility of the Free-Energy Landscape of a Directed Polymer in Random Media
We examine the sensitiveness of the free-energy landscape of a directed
polymer in random media with respect to various kinds of infinitesimally weak
perturbation including the intriguing case of temperature-chaos. To this end,
we combine the replica Bethe ansatz approach outlined in cond-mat/0112384, the
mapping to a modified Sinai model and numerically exact calculations by the
transfer-matrix method. Our results imply that for all the perturbations under
study there is a slow crossover from a weakly perturbed regime where rare
events take place to a strongly perturbed regime at larger length scales beyond
the so called overlap length where typical events take place leading to chaos,
i.e. a complete reshuffling of the free-energy landscape. Within the replica
space, the evidence for chaos is found in the factorization of the replicated
partition function induced by infinitesimal perturbations. This is the reflex
of explicit replica symmetry breaking.Comment: 29 pages, Revtex4, ps figure
Activation of Steroid and Xenobiotic Receptor (SXR, NR1I2) and Its Orthologs in Laboratory Toxicologic, and Genome Model Species
Background: Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2 (NR1I2), commonly known as steroid xenobiotic receptor (SXR) in humans, is a key ligand-dependent transcription factor responsible for the regulation of xenobiotic, steroid, and bile acid metabolism. The ligand-binding domain is principally responsible for species-specific activation of NR1I2 in response to xenobiotic exposure. Objectives: Our objective in this study was to create a common framework for screening NR1I2 orthologs from a variety of model species against environmentally relevant xenobiotics and to evaluate the results in light of using the species as predictors of xenobiotic disposition and for assessment of environmental health risk. Methods: Sixteen chimeric fusion plasmid vectors expressing the Gal4 DNA-binding domain and species-specific NR1I2 ligand-binding domain were screened for activation against a spectrum of 27 xenobiotic compounds using a standardized cotransfection receptor activation assay. Results: NR1I2 orthologs were activated by various ligands in a dose-dependent manner. Closely related species show broadly similar patterns of activation; however, considerable variation to individual compounds exists, even among species varying in only a few amino acid residues. Conclusions: Interspecies variation in NR1I2 activation by various ligands can be screened through the use of in vitro NR1I2 activation assays and should be taken into account when choosing appropriate animal models for assessing environmental health risk
Log N - Log S Relations and Spectral Properties of Sources from the ASCA Large Sky Survey --- their Implications for the Origin of the Cosmic X-ray Background (CXB)
We carried out the first wide-area unbiased survey with the ASCA satellite in
the 0.7-10 keV band around a north Galactic-pole region covering a continuous
area of 7 square degrees (Large Sky Survey; LSS). To make the best use of ASCA
capability, we developed a new source-detection method where the complicated
detector responses are fully taken into account. Applying this method to the
entire LSS data independently in the total (0.7-7 keV), hard (2-10 keV), and
soft (0.7-2 keV) band, we detected 107 sources altogether with sensitivity
limits of 6 x 10E-14 (0.7-7 keV), 1 x 10E-13 (2-10 keV), and 2 x 10E-14 erg
sE-1 cmE-2 (0.7-2 keV), respectively. A complete list of the detected sources
is presented. Based on detailed studies by Monte Carlo simulations, we
evaluated effects of the source confusion and accurately derived Log N - Log S
relation in each survey band. The Log N - Log S relation in the hard band is
located on the extrapolation from the GINGA and HEAO1 results with the
Euclidean slope of -3/2, while that in the soft band is consistent with the
results by ROSAT. At these flux limits, 30 (+/- 3) percent of the CXB in the
0.7-7 keV band and 23 (+/- 3) percent in the 2-10 keV band have been resolved
into discrete sources. The average spectrum of faint sources detected in the
total band shows a photon index of 1.63 +/- 0.07 in the 0.7-10 keV range,
consistent with the comparison of source counts between the hard and the soft
energy band. Those detected in the hard band show a photon index of 1.49 +/-
0.10 in the 2-10 keV range. These spectral properties suggest that contribution
of sources with hard energy spectra become significant at a flux of 10E-13 erg
sE-1 cmE-2 (2-10 keV). The most plausible candidates are type-II AGNs, as
indicated by on-going optical identifications.Comment: 28 pages, 11 figures, to appear in ApJ 518, 1999; figure 1 replaced,
minor errors in text correcte
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